I migliori medici di Consultazione online con dermatologo in Turchia — TOP-31 medici

Il medico si è laureato presso la Facoltà di Medicina dell'Università di Hacettepe e ha completato la residenza presso l'Ospedale di Formazione e Ricerca Sisli Etfal di Istanbul, seguita da una borsa di studio presso l'Istituto di Cancro dell'Università di Hacettepe.<\/p>

Specializzato in oncologia, il medico ha una vasta esperienza nel trattamento di vari tipi di cancro, tra cui il cancro al seno, ai testicoli, alle ovaie, ai polmoni, alla testa e al collo, e al tratto gastrointestinale.<\/p>

Il medico ha lavorato in istituzioni prestigiose come il Centro Oncologico MD Anderson dell'Università del Texas, l'Ospedale di Formazione dell'Università di Hitit a Corum e l'Ospedale Medical Park.<\/p>

EXPERIENCE

2019 - Currently, Istanbul/Istanbul/Turkey

MEMORIAL BAHÇELIEVLER HOSPITAL

Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Specialist

2015 - Currently, Istanbul/Istanbul/Turkey

BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Faculty Member

2009 - 2009, /ABD

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

Faculty Member

2008 - 2008, /Sweden

UPPSALA UNIVERSITY

Faculty Member

2000 - 2015, Kocaeli/Kocaeli/Turkey

KOCAELI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Faculty Member

EDUCATION

2015

PROFESSOR

2009

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

1992 - 1999, Antalya/Turkey

MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Expertise Training

1985 - 1991, Ankara/Turkey

ANKARA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Medical Doctor Training

SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

Over 170 scientific presentations and speeches at national and international scientific meetings

51 scientific articles, 33 of which are international

Author of 6 books and book chapters

3 TUBITAK projects

2 TUBITAK science incentive awards

Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Research Competition 2nd Prize

Abdominal fascial flaps to provide complete implant coverage in one-stage breast reconstruction: an autologous solution

Preoperative colour Doppler evaluation in the planning of gluteal perforator flaps

A new application to increase breast projection in free breast graft reduction mammoplasty

A new application for the repair of penile skin defect; anterior scrotal artery flap

Use of botulinum toxin for correction of asymmetric crying faces

A useful tool for W-plasty design in the excision of irregular lesions

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS

Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association

International Society of Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)

Kocaeli Breast Diseases Research and Treatment Association

Turkish Medical Informatics Association

Interplast Turkey Association

Balkan Association of Plastic Reconstuctive Aesthetic. Surgery

The AO Foundation AO CMF

ESPERIENZA MEDICA

2025 - presente

OSPEDALE MEMORIALE BAHÇELIEVLER

Medico specializzato in trapianto di capelli / Istanbul

2022 - 2023

Servizi medici Acıbadem Mobil / Istanbul

Medico di medicina generale / Istanbul

2024 - 2025

Centro medico chirurgico Estethica Ataşehir

Medico specializzato in trapianto di capelli / Istanbul

2022- 2024

Facoltà di Medicina dell'Università di Bezmialem

Medico di medicina generale / Istanbul

FORMAZIONE MEDICA

2010 - 2016

UNIVERSITÀ MUSTAFA KEMAL

Facoltà di Medicina / Hatay, Turchia

ASSOCIAZIONI PROFESSIONALI

Applicazione del botox presso l'Università Medipol,

Tossina botulinica,

Filler dermici, Università Medipol di Istanbul

StemCell, applicazioni delle cellule staminali,

Processi di approvazione delle sperimentazioni cliniche e studi clinici,

Certificazione delle esosomi Università Medipol di Istanbul, Istanbul

SPECIALITÀ IN MEDICINA

• Microchirurgia
• Labbro leporino
• Emergenza ustioni
• Chirurgia maxillo-facciale
• Chirurgia estetica
• Chirurgia dei tumori
• Lesioni nervose
• Chirurgia ricostruttiva

FORMAZIONE ACCADEMICA

UNIVERSITÀ INÖNÜ, SPECIALIZZAZIONE IN MEDICINA

2010-2014

FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA

SPECIALIZZAZIONE UNIVERSITÀ INÖNÜ IN MEDICINA

2002-2007

FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA/DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE CHIRURGICHE/DIPARTIMENTO DI CHIRURGIA PLASTICA E RICOSTRUTTIVA

SPECIALIZZAZIONE UNIVERSITÀ INÖNÜ IN MEDICINA

2002-2007

FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA/DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE CHIRURGICHE/DIPARTIMENTO DI CHIRURGIA PLASTICA E RICOSTRUTTIVA

Titolo della dissertazione: Analisi dei risultati a lungo termine di quattro diverse tecniche mediante un nuovo metodo nelle pazienti sottoposte a riduzione mammoplastica (2007) Supervisore della dissertazione: (ALI GÜRLEK)

POSIZIONI

• PROFESSORE

2019 UNIVERSITÀ INÖNÜ/FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA

• DOCENTE

2013 UNIVERSITÀ INÖNÜ/FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA

• COORDINATORE EDUCAZIONE

2011 UNIVERSITÀ INÖNÜ/FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA

• ASSISTENTE PROFESSORE

2008

UNIVERSITÀ INÖNÜ/FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA, DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE CHIRURGICHE, DIPARTIMENTO DI CHIRURGIA PLASTICA E RICOSTRUTTIVA

TESI GESTITE

2014

ΑΥΤΕΚΙΝ ΑΗΜET HAMDI, (2014). Confronto degli effetti delle iniezioni di PRP e acido ialuronico nel trapianto vascolare allogenico sulla rigenerazione nervosa nel trattamento dei difetti dei nervi periferici, Università Inönü->Facoltà di Medicina->Dipartimento di Chirurgia Plastica, Ricostruttiva ed Estetica

2012

GEYİK YILMAZ, (2012). Confronto dei metodi di ricostruzione utilizzando innesti vascolari e cartilaginei in danni ai nervi periferici e analisi di una nuova tecnica, Università Inönü->Facoltà di Medicina->Dipartimento di Chirurgia Plastica, Ricostruttiva ed Estetica

PROGETTI DI RICERCA

* Effetto della crisina sulla guarigione delle ferite da ustione, 1° progetto di ricerca supportato da istituzioni superiori, Ricercatore: FIRAT CEMAL, Ricercatore: OGUZTURK HAKAN, Coordinatore: TURTAY MUHAMMETGOHAN, Ricercatore: CIFTCI OSMAN, 01:092013-Il trattamento con glucano previene l'ischemia progressiva da ustione nella zona di stasi e migliora la guarigione delle ustioni. Studio sperimentale sui ratti Firat S Samdandji E Erbatur S Aytekin AH AK M Turtay MG

Coban YK Burns 2012 31 marzo Progetto di ricerca Università Inönü Coordinatore responsabile, BAP, Capo Progetto, 2010-2014 (NAZIONALE) Il trattamento con nitrato di cerio previene la necrosi progressiva dei tessuti nella zona di stasi dopo l'ustione

Eski M. Ozer F. Firat S. Alhan D. Arslan N. Senturk T. Isik S. Burns 2012 38 marzo 2 2839 Epub 2011 19 ottobre Accademia Medico-Militare di Ankara Gulhane Progetto di ricerca scientifica, BAP, collaboratore scientifico, 2010-2011 (NAZIONALE)

Medart Hair Clinic Head of Medical Team: Mr. Muhammed Yeni

Mr. Muhammed Yeni was born in 1990 in Istanbul, Turkey. 
He graduated from Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences in 2014. 
After graduation, he attended hair transplantation courses. 
In 2014 he started to work as an assistant surgeon in one of the private hair transplant clinics of Istanbul. 
As a result of his natural talent and successful results on hair transplant surgeries, he has become one of the most well known operators in this field domestically and internationally. 
He has performed numerous hair transplant procedures in lots of different countries such as Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Austria, Tunisia, Kuwait, Albania, Hungary, etc... 
He is very experienced on different genetics of hair types. 
To the date, he has performed more than 4000+ surgeries (and on different hair types) all around the world. 
His main areas of expertise are Sapphire incisions in all range of the patients, including revisions, female hair transplant, facial hair transplants. 
He is also a very creative operator. 
He is working with Dr. Tuna Tantan Williams as a teammate. 
He has improved his approach and skills even more since he started to work with Dr. Tantan and gained more experience on different types of hairs 
He is a perfectionist and he excels in providing natural results.
He has been creating very natural results with his work at MedArt Hair Clinic.

Yasin KULAKSIZ, M.D.

Otorhinolaryngology

Areas of Expertise and Interest

• Rhinoplasty (cosmetic nasal surgery)
• Functional nasal surgery (septoplasty, turbinate reduction)
• Revision rhinoplasty
• Sinusitis and endoscopic sinus surgery
• Ear surgeries (tympanoplasty, cholesteatoma)
• Throat and vocal cord surgeries
• Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea treatments
• Endoscopic adenoid and tonsil surgeries

Education and Career

• Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine 2010–2016
• Bezmialem Vakıf University ENT Residency 2017–2022
• Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital 2017–2022
• Compulsory State Service (Ministry of Health)
• Istanbul Medipol University – Medipol Acıbadem Regional Hospital 2023–present

Certificates and Memberships

• Turkish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery
• European Rhinologic Society
• Istanbul Medical Chamber
• ENT Specialist Certification – Ministry of Health
• Rhinoplasty and sinus surgery workshops
• Temporal bone dissection courses
• Certified Botox and dermal filler training in medical aesthetics

Scientific Publications and Academic Contributions

International articles
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2024
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2022
Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2020
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2019
Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2023

National articles and congress presentations
KBB-Forum Journal
Turkish ENT National Congress presentations

Book chapter

"Practical Approaches in Medical Aesthetics" – EMA Medical Publishing 2024

Education and Specialization

• Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University
• 1999 - Akdeniz University, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Specialization Training
• Internal Medicine Specialization Training in the USA, Akdeniz University (2013 - 2014)
• Internal Medicine Specialization Training in the USA (2013 - 2014) - Medical Oncology Department
• Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology (Received Associate Professorship title)

Work Experience

• 2009 - Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Hospital
• Acıbadem Kayseri
• 2017 - 2018 - Lara Private Anadolu Hospital
• 2018 - Medical Park Antalya Hospital Complex

Expertise

• Diagnosis of organ tumors
• Chemotherapy in cancer treatment
• Targeted cancer therapies
• Immunotherapy in cancer treatment
• Next-generation genetic research in cancer treatment
• Complementary medicine in cancer treatment
• Medical oncology

Il medico si è laureato presso la Facoltà di Medicina dell'Università di Istanbul nel 1986 e ha completato una specializzazione in dermatologia presso l'Ospedale Haydarpaşa Numune nel 1990. Specializzandosi in chirurgia dermatologica, il medico si concentra clinicamente sul cancro della pelle, la crioterapia, il trattamento dell'iperidrosi e le malattie della pelle allergiche. Il medico è anche esperto in elettrocauterizzazione, trattamenti laser, dermatologia cosmetica, dermatoscopia e tecniche di ringiovanimento della pelle come il Botox. Il medico ha lavorato in varie istituzioni, tra cui il Centro di Salute Görele, l'Ospedale di Formazione e Ricerca Fatih Sultan Mehmet e l'Ospedale Regionale Privato di Istanbul.<\/p>

Dr. Cemile Dilek Uysal has graduated from Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine with honors in 1992. She did compulsory service for 3 years in Merzifon district of Amasya. Then she won the dermatology department of Haydarpaşa Numune Hospital, which was her first choice at TUS. From there she specialized in dermatology. Currently, she serves in the Intercontinental Dermatology department of Hisar Hospital.

Her areas of interest include acne, fungi, eczema, urticaria, pruritus (itching), viral and bacterial diseases, parasitic diseases such as scabies (scabies) and pediculus capitis, various hair diseases, and psoriasis. 

Prof. Dr. Sezer Sağlam is a medical oncologist at Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hospital. He specializes in gastrointestinal and breast cancers. He has contributed to cancer care through research, especially with his study on the best timing for surgery after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer. This work has influenced global treatment protocols.

Dr. Sağlam has led clinical trials in targeted therapies and precision medicine. His research on liver-transplanted patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was nominated for the 2024 International Best Researcher Award. He is a member of ASCO, ESMO, and ENET. Dr. Sağlam provides personalized and evidence-based oncology care.

Il medico è un oncologo specializzato nel trattamento dei tumori al seno, ai polmoni e gastrointestinali. Attualmente, il medico pratica presso l'Ospedale Universitario Istinye Liv.

Con una carriera che si estende su molteplici istituzioni prestigiose, il medico ha servito come Specialista in Medicina Interna presso l'Ospedale Statale di Malatya, medico presso la Clinica Oncologica di Ankara e membro del Dipartimento di Oncologia presso l'Ospedale Regionale di Formazione e Ricerca di Erzurum.

Il medico si è laureato presso la Facoltà di Medicina dell'Università di Selcuk e ha ottenuto il titolo di Professore Associato nel 2016.

Education and Specialization

• 2004/2010: Fırat University Faculty of Medicine
• 2012/2017: Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine – Specialization

Experience

• 2017/2021: Ankara Training and Research Hospital
• 2021/2023: Kilis State Hospital
• 2023/2024: Private Gaziantep Emek Hospital

Professional Memberships

• Aesthetic and Cosmetic Dermatology Society (Estetik ve Kozmetik Dermatoloji Derneği)
• Turkish Dermatology Society (Türk Dermatoloji Derneği)
• Turkish Medical Association (Türk Tabipler Birliği)

Dr. Derya Can has been an Assistant Professor of Dermatology at Medipol Health Group since 2021. She diagnoses and treats diseases of the skin, hair, nails, and mucosa. Her areas of expertise include eczema, atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, sexually transmitted infections, warts, herpes, shingles, and fungal infections.

Dr. Can manages both benign and malignant skin tumors. She also treats hair and nail disorders, vitiligo, and other common skin conditions. She performs advanced procedures such as hair transplantation and PRP therapy for hair loss.

Makbule DÜNDAR, M.D.

Dermatology

Areas of Expertise and Interest

• General Dermatology
• Venereal Diseases
• Cosmetic Dermatology
• Laser Treatments
• Dermoscopy
• Non-surgical Aesthetic Procedures (Peeling, Fillers, Botulinum Toxin, etc.)

Education and Career

• 1989 – 1995 Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine – M.D. Degree
• 1996 – 1999 Haseki State Hospital – Dermatology Residency Training
• 1999 – 2003 Fizikom Aesthetic and Laser Center – Specialist in Dermatology
• 2003 – 2006 TBV Hizmet Hospital – Specialist in Dermatology
• 2006 – 2008 Medical Park Bahçelievler Hospital – Specialist in Dermatology
• 2008 – 2014 Private Istanbul Medipol Hospital – Specialist in Dermatology
• 2014 – 2017 Memorial Wellness – Specialist in Dermatology
• 2017 – 2024 Saltat Clinic, Göztepe Branch – Specialist in Dermatology
• 2024 – Present Medipol Acıbadem District Hospital – Specialist in Dermatology, Head of Aesthetic Medicine Department

Career

Born in 1960 in Turkey, Dr. Makbule Dündar graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in 1995 and completed her residency in Dermatology at Haseki State Hospital in 1999. Throughout her career spanning over two decades, she has worked in prestigious institutions and clinics, focusing on both clinical dermatology and aesthetic procedures. Her interests include laser therapies, dermoscopy, and minimally invasive cosmetic applications. She has participated in numerous international congresses, workshops, and hands-on trainings.

She currently serves as the Responsible Physician of the Aesthetic Medicine Department at Medipol Acıbadem District Hospital, where she combines her medical expertise with cosmetic dermatology practice.

Publications

• Congenital Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica: A Case Report – Çiftçi M., Erdoğan F., Dündar M. – Haydarpaşa Numune Medical Journal, 2012
• A Case of Lichen Planus Pemphigoides – Dündar M., Derviş E., et al. – Turkiye Klinikleri Dermatology, 2000
• The Role of Dermoscopy in Diagnosing Pigmented Lesions – Derviş E., Dündar M., et al. – Haseki Medical Bulletin, 2000
• The Importance of Dermoscopy in Pigmented Lesions – Specialization Thesis, 1999

Certifications and Awards

• Numerous practical training programs in botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, peeling, and aesthetic lasers
• Participation in multiple national and international dermatology congresses and workshops
• Recipient of various hands-on training certificates in aesthetic dermatology, dermatosurgery, and team management in healthcare

Professional Affiliations and Memberships

• Istanbul Medical Chamber
• Turkish Society for Dermatology and Venereology
• Turkish Dermatology Association
• European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV)

Dr. Erkan Davarci is a dermatologist at Medical Park Antalya Hospital Complex. He earned his MD from Ankara University Faculty of Medicine. He completed his dermatology residency at Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital. He then fulfilled his compulsory service at the Ministry of Health’s Kelkit State Hospital.

Clinical practice: general dermatology, cosmetic dermatology, laser and energy-based skin treatments, mole and skin lesion care, botulinum toxin and dermal fillers, skin rejuvenation.

Memberships: Aesthetic and Cosmetic Dermatology Society, Turkish Dermatology Society, Turkish Medical Association.

Dr. Ayse Callioglu is a dermatologist. She focuses on dermal fillers, facial lifting, rhinoplasty (nose aesthetics), chemical peels, acne treatment, and Botox.

Education: Ege University Faculty of Medicine. Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine.

Clinical experience includes Private Anadolu Hospital and Medstar Hospital. She has also worked at Lara Yaşam Hospital and Medical Park Antalya.

Accreditations/Memberships: Turkish Society of Dermatology and Mediterranean Society of Dermatology. International Society of Cosmetic Dermatology and European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

Education and Specialization

• 2006: Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine
• 2014: Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine
• 2018: Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Medical Oncology

Experience

• 2006 - 2008: Konya Derebucak District Hospital
• 2009 - 2015: Akdeniz University Hospital
• 2015: Antalya Kaş State Hospital
• 2015 - 2016: İnönü University Faculty of Medicine
• 2016 - 2021: Akdeniz University Hospital
• 2021 - 2023: Antalya Training and Research Hospital

EDUCATION:

2009

Ankara Etlik Maternity Hospital and Gynecology Education and Research Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics

2003

Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine

EXPERIENCE:

2019 - to present

Medipol University Pendik Hospital

2009 - 2019

Yakacık Maternity and Child Diseases Hospital

PUBLICATIONS:

Articles Published in Journals Indexed in SCI, SSCI and AHCI

Isoflavones obtained from red clover improve both dyslipidemia and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial

YİĞİT E., ÜNSAL S.

Climacteric , 2024 (SCI-Expanded)

ducation and Expertise

2012 – Graduated from Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine 

2017 – Completed specialization in Dermatology and Venereology at Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital

Professional Experience

2012 to 2017 – Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital

2017 to 2019 – Tunceli State Hospital, Dermatology Department

Professional Memberships

-Turkish Dermatology Association

-Ankara Dermatology and Venereology Association

-Turkish Medical Association

Articles Published in International Peer-Reviewed Journals

A1. Akkuş A, Demirseren DD, Demirseren ME, Aktaş A.
The treatment of ingrown nail: Chemical matricectomy with NaOH versus wedge resection.
Dermatologic Therapy, 2018.

A2. Akpolat ND, Akpolat AO, Namdaroğlu O, Akkuş A.
Comparison of the Winograd method and chemical cauterization with 10% sodium hydroxide in the treatment of ingrown nails.
Turkderm, 2016.

A3. Kılınç F, Akbaş A, Şener S, Yavuz SO, Akkuş A, Aktaş A.
A case of facial lentiginous lichen planus pigmentosus associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus.
Our Dermatology Online, 2015.

Papers Presented at International Scientific Meetings and Published in Proceedings

B1. Akbaş A, Kılınç F, Akkuş A, Metin A, Şener S.
A retrospective analysis of hospitalized autoimmune bullous disease patients.
11th EADV Spring Symposium,  2014, Belgrade, Serbia. Abstract Program Book.

B2. Akbaş A, Kılınç F, Yavuz S, Şener S, Akkuş A, Metin A.
A rare cause of lymphedema: Morbus Morbihan disease.
23rd EADV Congress, October 2014, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Abstract Program Book, P019.

B3. Akbaş A, Kılınç F, Yavuz S, Şener S, Akkuş A, Metin A.
Rare cystic formations obstructing the external ear canal: Steatocystoma multiplex.
23rd EADV Congress, October, 2014, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Abstract Program Book, P1277.

B4. Akbaş A, Kılınç F, Şener S, Akkuş A, Özgör O, Aktaş A.
Demodicosis: Two cases.
12th EADV Spring Symposium, 2015, Valencia, Spain. Abstract Program Book, P567.

B5. Kılınç F, Akbaş A, Yavuz SO, Şener S, Akkuş A, Metin A, Demirseren DD.
A case of Paederus dermatitis.
23rd World Congress of Dermatology, 2015, Vancouver, Canada. Abstract Program Book.

B6. Akbaş A, Kılınç F, Şener S, Akkuş A, Metin A, Demirseren DD.
A case of generalized lichen amyloidosis treated with retinoids.
23rd World Congress of Dermatology, 2015, Vancouver, Canada. Abstract Program Book.

B7. Şener S, Kılınç F, Akbaş A, Yavuz HSO, Akkuş A, Metin A, Demirseren DD.
A case of acne agminata treated with isotretinoin.
23rd World Congress of Dermatology, 2015, Vancouver, Canada. Abstract Program Book.

Dr. Muhammed Mustafa Atci is an Associate Professor of Medical Oncology at İstinye University, Liv Hospital Topkapı (2025–present). He previously served as Associate Professor and Education Coordinator at Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital (2023–2025). He was also a Medical Oncologist there (2018–2021).

He has been a member of ASCO and the Turkish Society of Medical Oncology since 2018. He is the author or co-author of 19 peer-reviewed international papers on colon, breast, gastric, pancreatic, lung, thyroid, sarcoma, and colorectal cancers.

Notable works include a multicentre study on stage IIB colon cancer survival (Journal of Chemotherapy). He also studied the De Ritis ratio for lung metastasis in testicular cancer (Current Urology). His prognostic studies used PET/CT, MSI, lymph node ratio, and metabolic tumor volume.